A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_URI::$config is deprecated
Filename: core/URI.php
Line Number: 101
Backtrace:
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/index.php
Line: 268
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Router::$uri is deprecated
Filename: core/Router.php
Line Number: 127
Backtrace:
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/index.php
Line: 268
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Talks::$benchmark is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/application/controllers/Talks.php
Line: 15
Function: __construct
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/index.php
Line: 268
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Talks::$hooks is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/application/controllers/Talks.php
Line: 15
Function: __construct
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/index.php
Line: 268
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Talks::$config is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/application/controllers/Talks.php
Line: 15
Function: __construct
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/index.php
Line: 268
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Talks::$log is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/application/controllers/Talks.php
Line: 15
Function: __construct
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/index.php
Line: 268
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Talks::$utf8 is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/application/controllers/Talks.php
Line: 15
Function: __construct
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/index.php
Line: 268
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Talks::$uri is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/application/controllers/Talks.php
Line: 15
Function: __construct
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/index.php
Line: 268
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Talks::$exceptions is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/application/controllers/Talks.php
Line: 15
Function: __construct
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/index.php
Line: 268
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Talks::$router is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/application/controllers/Talks.php
Line: 15
Function: __construct
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/index.php
Line: 268
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Talks::$output is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/application/controllers/Talks.php
Line: 15
Function: __construct
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/index.php
Line: 268
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Talks::$security is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/application/controllers/Talks.php
Line: 15
Function: __construct
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/index.php
Line: 268
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Talks::$input is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/application/controllers/Talks.php
Line: 15
Function: __construct
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/index.php
Line: 268
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Talks::$lang is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/application/controllers/Talks.php
Line: 15
Function: __construct
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/index.php
Line: 268
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Talks::$load is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 78
Backtrace:
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/application/controllers/Talks.php
Line: 15
Function: __construct
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/index.php
Line: 268
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: "continue" targeting switch is equivalent to "break". Did you mean to use "continue 2"?
Filename: helpers/ben_helper.php
Line Number: 302
Backtrace:
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/application/controllers/Talks.php
Line: 15
Function: __construct
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/index.php
Line: 268
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Optional parameter $author_name declared before required parameter $filename is implicitly treated as a required parameter
Filename: helpers/ben_helper.php
Line Number: 841
Backtrace:
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/application/controllers/Talks.php
Line: 15
Function: __construct
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/index.php
Line: 268
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Talks::$db is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 390
Backtrace:
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/application/controllers/Talks.php
Line: 15
Function: __construct
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/index.php
Line: 268
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_DB_mysqli_driver::$failover is deprecated
Filename: database/DB_driver.php
Line Number: 371
Backtrace:
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/application/controllers/Talks.php
Line: 15
Function: __construct
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/index.php
Line: 268
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Talks::$pagination is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 1279
Backtrace:
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/application/controllers/Talks.php
Line: 15
Function: __construct
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/index.php
Line: 268
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Talks::$agent is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 1279
Backtrace:
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/application/controllers/Talks.php
Line: 15
Function: __construct
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/index.php
Line: 268
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Talks::$zip is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 1279
Backtrace:
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/application/controllers/Talks.php
Line: 15
Function: __construct
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/index.php
Line: 268
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Optional parameter $options declared before required parameter $closed is implicitly treated as a required parameter
Filename: models/Poll_model.php
Line Number: 191
Backtrace:
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/application/libraries/Poll_lib.php
Line: 25
Function: model
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/application/controllers/Talks.php
Line: 15
Function: __construct
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/index.php
Line: 268
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Talks::$poll_model is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 353
Backtrace:
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/application/libraries/Poll_lib.php
Line: 25
Function: model
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/application/controllers/Talks.php
Line: 15
Function: __construct
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/index.php
Line: 268
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Talks::$poll_lib is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 1279
Backtrace:
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/application/controllers/Talks.php
Line: 15
Function: __construct
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/index.php
Line: 268
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Talks::$encryption is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 1279
Backtrace:
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/application/controllers/Talks.php
Line: 15
Function: __construct
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/index.php
Line: 268
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Talks::$xmlrpc is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 1279
Backtrace:
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/application/controllers/Talks.php
Line: 15
Function: __construct
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/index.php
Line: 268
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Talks::$form_validation is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 1279
Backtrace:
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/application/controllers/Talks.php
Line: 15
Function: __construct
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/index.php
Line: 268
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Talks::$email is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 1279
Backtrace:
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/application/controllers/Talks.php
Line: 15
Function: __construct
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/index.php
Line: 268
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Talks::$upload is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 1279
Backtrace:
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/application/controllers/Talks.php
Line: 15
Function: __construct
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/index.php
Line: 268
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Talks::$paypal is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 1279
Backtrace:
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/application/controllers/Talks.php
Line: 15
Function: __construct
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/index.php
Line: 268
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Return type of CI_Session_database_driver::open($save_path, $name) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::open(string $path, string $name): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice
Filename: drivers/Session_database_driver.php
Line Number: 129
Backtrace:
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/application/controllers/Talks.php
Line: 15
Function: __construct
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/index.php
Line: 268
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Return type of CI_Session_database_driver::close() should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::close(): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice
Filename: drivers/Session_database_driver.php
Line Number: 278
Backtrace:
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/application/controllers/Talks.php
Line: 15
Function: __construct
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/index.php
Line: 268
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Return type of CI_Session_database_driver::read($session_id) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::read(string $id): string|false, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice
Filename: drivers/Session_database_driver.php
Line Number: 149
Backtrace:
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/application/controllers/Talks.php
Line: 15
Function: __construct
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/index.php
Line: 268
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Return type of CI_Session_database_driver::write($session_id, $session_data) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::write(string $id, string $data): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice
Filename: drivers/Session_database_driver.php
Line Number: 206
Backtrace:
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/application/controllers/Talks.php
Line: 15
Function: __construct
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/index.php
Line: 268
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Return type of CI_Session_database_driver::destroy($session_id) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::destroy(string $id): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice
Filename: drivers/Session_database_driver.php
Line Number: 295
Backtrace:
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/application/controllers/Talks.php
Line: 15
Function: __construct
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/index.php
Line: 268
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Return type of CI_Session_database_driver::gc($maxlifetime) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::gc(int $max_lifetime): int|false, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice
Filename: drivers/Session_database_driver.php
Line Number: 333
Backtrace:
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/application/controllers/Talks.php
Line: 15
Function: __construct
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/index.php
Line: 268
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 284
Backtrace:
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/application/controllers/Talks.php
Line: 15
Function: __construct
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/index.php
Line: 268
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: session_set_cookie_params(): Session cookie parameters cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 291
Backtrace:
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/application/controllers/Talks.php
Line: 15
Function: __construct
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/index.php
Line: 268
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 306
Backtrace:
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/application/controllers/Talks.php
Line: 15
Function: __construct
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/index.php
Line: 268
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 316
Backtrace:
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/application/controllers/Talks.php
Line: 15
Function: __construct
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/index.php
Line: 268
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 317
Backtrace:
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/application/controllers/Talks.php
Line: 15
Function: __construct
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/index.php
Line: 268
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 318
Backtrace:
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/application/controllers/Talks.php
Line: 15
Function: __construct
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/index.php
Line: 268
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 319
Backtrace:
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/application/controllers/Talks.php
Line: 15
Function: __construct
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/index.php
Line: 268
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 377
Backtrace:
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/application/controllers/Talks.php
Line: 15
Function: __construct
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/index.php
Line: 268
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: session_set_save_handler(): Session save handler cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 110
Backtrace:
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/application/controllers/Talks.php
Line: 15
Function: __construct
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/index.php
Line: 268
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: session_start(): Session cannot be started after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 143
Backtrace:
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/application/controllers/Talks.php
Line: 15
Function: __construct
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/index.php
Line: 268
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Talks::$session is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 1279
Backtrace:
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/application/controllers/Talks.php
Line: 15
Function: __construct
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/index.php
Line: 268
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Talks::$email_model is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 353
Backtrace:
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/application/controllers/Talks.php
Line: 15
Function: __construct
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/index.php
Line: 268
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Talks::$pagination_model is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 353
Backtrace:
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/application/controllers/Talks.php
Line: 15
Function: __construct
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/index.php
Line: 268
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Talks::$image_lib is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 1279
Backtrace:
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/application/models/Crud_model.php
Line: 13
Function: library
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/application/controllers/Talks.php
Line: 15
Function: __construct
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/index.php
Line: 268
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Crud_model::$account_type is deprecated
Filename: models/Crud_model.php
Line Number: 15
Backtrace:
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/application/models/Crud_model.php
Line: 15
Function: _error_handler
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/application/controllers/Talks.php
Line: 15
Function: __construct
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/index.php
Line: 268
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Talks::$crud_model is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 353
Backtrace:
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/application/controllers/Talks.php
Line: 15
Function: __construct
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/index.php
Line: 268
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Talks::$sms_model is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 353
Backtrace:
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/application/controllers/Talks.php
Line: 15
Function: __construct
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/index.php
Line: 268
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Talks::$dbutil is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 425
Backtrace:
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/application/controllers/Talks.php
Line: 16
Function: dbutil
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/index.php
Line: 268
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Talks::$backup is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 353
Backtrace:
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/application/controllers/Talks.php
Line: 21
Function: model
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/index.php
Line: 268
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/system/core/Exceptions.php:271)
Filename: controllers/Talks.php
Line Number: 64
Backtrace:
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/application/controllers/Talks.php
Line: 64
Function: setcookie
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/index.php
Line: 268
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: ctype_digit(): Argument of type null will be interpreted as string in the future
Filename: libraries/Pagination.php
Line Number: 522
Backtrace:
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/application/controllers/Talks.php
Line: 99
Function: create_links
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/index.php
Line: 268
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$benchmark is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/application/controllers/Talks.php
Line: 108
Function: view
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/index.php
Line: 268
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$hooks is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/application/controllers/Talks.php
Line: 108
Function: view
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/index.php
Line: 268
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$config is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/application/controllers/Talks.php
Line: 108
Function: view
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/index.php
Line: 268
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$log is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/application/controllers/Talks.php
Line: 108
Function: view
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/index.php
Line: 268
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$utf8 is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/application/controllers/Talks.php
Line: 108
Function: view
File: /home/scotchem/public_html/talks/index.php
Line: 268
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
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Viewing Talks |
ScotCHEM Colloquia
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Viewing
archived talks containing the keyword: 18
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Speaker:
Prof Dan Nocera (Harvard)
The artificial leaf accomplishes a solar fuels process that captures the elements of photosynthesis – the splitting of water to hydrogen and oxygen using light, from neutral water, at atmospheric pressure and room temperature. These conditions are met owing to the development of water splitting catalysts of the elements of Mn, Co and Ni that are self-healing; the design principles for self-healing catalysis will be presented. The self-healing catalysts are coated on a silicon wafer in a buried junction configuration, which enables light harvesting and charge separation to be coupled to catalysis under simple conditions. We have advanced the design of the artificial leaf by utilizing the hydrogen from the artificial leaf and combining it with carbon dioxide to make liquid fuels. Using the tools of synthetic biology, a bio-engineered bacterium has been developed to convert carbon dioxide, along with the hydrogen produced from the artificial leaf, into biomass and fusel alcohols. This hybrid microbial | artificial leaf system scrubs 180 grams of CO2 from air, equivalent to 230,000 liters of air per 1 kWh of electricity. Coupling this hybrid device to existing photovoltaic systems leads to unprecedented solar-to-biomass (10.7%) and solar-to-liquid fuels (6.2%) yields, which greatly exceeding natural photosynthetic systems.
On:
May 30, 2016 From:
16h00 To:
17h00
View talk
St Andrews
Speaker:
Michael Ward (Warwick)
Self -assembled coordination cages (hollow metal/ligand capsules) have the ability to encapsulate small molecule guests in the central cavity. In this talk is presented a coordination cage with a very well developed host guest chemistry, for which the factors responsible for guest binding have been dissected in detail to the extent that guest binding can be quantitatively predicted. The combination of b inding of hydrophobic guests in the cage cavity in water, and accumulation of anions around the positively -charged cage surface by ion -pairing, has led to his catalytic rate enhancements for reactions of cavity -bound guests with surface -bound anions. As g uest binding and ion -pairing are based on orthogonal interactions, this affords a system capable in principle of quite general bimolecular catalysis of reactions of electrophiles with anions.
On:
November 14, 2018 From:
14h00 To:
15h00
View talk
St Andrews
Speaker:
Jennifer Love (UBC)
We report a mechanistic study of C(sp3) -H bond activation mediated by nickel. A cyclometalated Ni(II) ureate [(PEt3)Ni(κ3 -C,N,N -(CH2)N(Cy)(CO)N((N) -quinolin -8-yl))] was synthesized and isolated from a urea precursor, (Me)(Cy)N(CO)N(H)(quinolin -8-yl), via C(sp3) -H activation. We investigated the effects of solvents and base additives on the rate of C -H activation. Kinetic isotope effect experiments showed that C -H activation is rate determining. Through deuterium label ling and protonation studies, we also showed that C -H activation can be re versible. We extended this reac tion to a range of ureas with primary and secondary C(sp3) -H bonds, which activate readily to for m analogous nickelated products . Finally, we showed that carboxylate additives assist with both ligand dissociation and initial N-H bond activation, consistent with a concerted metalation deprotonation mechanism.
On:
November 21, 2018 From:
14h00 To:
15h00
View talk
St Andrews
Speaker:
Jeremy Burroughes (Cambridge Display Technology Limited)
Flexible OLEDs for Display and Sensor Applications Dr Jeremy Burroughes FRS, FREng, FIET, FInstP One of the challenges for efficient and low voltage OLEDs is the need to use a low work function cathode material which leads to increased encapsulation requirements. For mainstream applications such as TVs and lighting, the additional cost is acceptable. For more price sensitive applications, such as displays for white goods and smart cards or sensor applications a method is required to mitigate this issue. This talk will explain how this can be achieved using an air -processable electron injection layer capped with just aluminium. This OLED technology can then be used to make a lower cost OLED display s suitable for a variety of applications, which will be discussed in this presentation. I will also finish off by giving some information on our other printed electronic activities.
On:
November 27, 2018 From:
14h00 To:
15h00
View talk
St Andrews
Speaker:
Guido Clever (Dortmund)
Multifunctional and Stimuli-responsive Coordination Cages G. H. Clever * Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Germany guido.clever@tu -dortmund.de Banana -shaped bis-monodentate ligands react with Pd(II) cations to coordination compounds with a broad range of topologies from small Pd 2L4 cages, their interpenetrated dimers, rings of various size up to large Pd 24L48 spheres. 1 We introduce stimuli-responsive behaviour triggered by small molecules or light leading to the modulation of guest affinity 2 or complete structural reorganization (Figure a). 3 Interpenetrated double cages consisting of donor and acceptor moieties were shown to undergo light-induced charge separation but suffer from a lack of control over stoichiometry and stereochemistry (Figure b). 4 Therefore, we recently started to apply principles of geometric shape complementarity to control the structure and composition of heteroleptic cages (Figure c). 5 On the other hand, circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) was observed for chiral Pt(II) complexes (Figure d). 6 Advanced self -assembly strategies will enable the targeted synthesis of supra-molecular systems and materials with increasing structural and functional complexity. Figure 1 Light -responsive coordination cages and chiral organometallic luminophors 1. Reviews: a) M. Han, D. M. Engelhard, G. H. Clever, Chem. Soc. Rev. 2014, 43, 1848; b) M. Frank, M. D. Johnstone, G. H. Clever, Chem. Eur. J. 2016 , 22 , 14104. Recent examples: c) W. M. Bloch, J. J. Holstein, B. Dittrich, W. Hiller, G. H. Clever, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2018, 57, 5534; d) R. Zhu, I. Regeni, J. J. Holstein, B. Dittrich, M. Simon, S. Prévost, M. Gradzielski, G. H. Clever, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2018 , DOI: 10.1002/ani e.201806047. 2. a) S. Löffler, J. Lübben, L. Krause, D. Stalke, B. Dittrich, G. H. Clever, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2015, 137, 1060; b) M. Han, R. Michel, B. He, Y. -S. Chen, D. Stalke, M. John, G. H. Clever, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2013 , 52 , 1319. 3. a) R. Zhu, J. Lübben, B. Dittrich, G. H. Clever, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2015, 54, 2796; b) M. Han, Y. Luo, B. Damaschke, L. Gómez, X. Ribas, A. Jose, P. Peretzki, M. Seibt, G. H. Clever, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2016, 55 , 445 . 4. M. Frank, J. Ahrens, I. Bejenke, M. Krick, D. Schwarzer, G. H. Clever, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2016 , 138 , 8279. 5. a) W. M. Bloch, Y. Abe, J. J. Holstein, C. M. Wandtke, B. Dittrich, G. H. Clever, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2016, 138, 13750; b) W. M. Bloch, J. J. Holstein, W. Hiller, G. H. Clever, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2017 , 56 , 8285. 6. T. R. Schulte, J. J. Holstein, L. Krause, R. Michel, D. Stalke, E. Sakuda, K. Umakoshi, G. Longhi, S. Abbate, G. H. Clever, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2017 , 139 , 6863.
On:
November 28, 2018 From:
14h00 To:
15h00
View talk
St Andrews
Speaker:
Zoraida Freixa (University of the Basque Country, San Sebastian, Spain)
PHOTO SWITCHABLE ORGANOMETALLICS. Zoraida Freixa 1,2 1 Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV -EHU), Donostia -San Sebastián, 20018, Spain 2 IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011, Bilbao, Spain Zoraida_freixa@ehu.eus In the last few decades, the development of photoresponsive materials has become an intensive area of research. These substances are intended for the production of “smart chemical systems”, whose properties — and eventually functionality — are controlled by changes of the environment (light irradiation). These systems have been already implemented in a wide range of modern materials and devices for daily applications such as sunglass lenses, memory devices, photochromic inks, etc. In spite of the importance and versatility of organometallic complexes, smart photoresponsive examples remain rather unexplored in comparison with the plethora of well known light -triggered organic switches. In principle, photoresponsive metal complexes can be obtained by incorporation of organic photochromic units in the structure of their ligands. These photosensitive ligands, rather than acting as conventional spectators that tune the properties of their complexes, transform them into dynamic smart entities able to offer a functional response to an external stimulus. 1 In our group, we work on the development of such photoresponsive organometallics for diverse applications. We have explored several areas of application exploding some of the most prominent properties of organometallics. Namely, their luminescence, catalytic activity or their potential use as metallodrugs. As will be discussed, the compatibility of the metal coordination and the photoresponse of the molecular switch is an issue that needs to be carefully addressed. 1. Crabtree, R. H., Multifunctional ligands in transition metal catalysis. New J. Chem. 2011, 35, 18 -23. Website: www.freixagroup.com
On:
November 29, 2018 From:
14h00 To:
15h00
View talk